Table of Contents

Know Your Vehicle

    Differences Between 4WD and 2WD
    Hand Position on Steering Wheel
    Lowest Point
    Braking
    Vehicle Limitations

The Most Important Thing When 4WDing

    Traction
    Track Condition
    Tyres
    Suspension Travel
    Engine Revs
    The number of driven wheels
    Diff Locks

Water Crossing

    4×4 and Water Crossings
    Vehicle Preparation
    Diff Breathers
    Air Intake
    Engine Bay Protection
    Radiator Fan
    Walking the Crossing
    Driving Technique
    Maintenance after Water-crossings
    Water Crossing Summary

Hills

    Hill Ascent
    Hill Descent
    Hill Stall Recovery
    Vehicle Rollover

Rocky Terrain

    Rocky ground
    Gravel roads
    Dust Control

Mud

    Mud Driving
    Mud Driving Techniques
    Maintenance

Sand

    Sand Driving
    Tyre Pressures
    Sand Driving Techniques
    Vehicle Recovery in Sand
    Summary-Sand Driving

Tools and Spare Parts

    Tools and Spare Parts for Offroad

Jacking

    Hi-lift Jack
    Exhaust Bag Jack
    Standard Jack
    Recovery

Snatch Recovery

    What is a Snatch Recovery?

Know the Terrain

    Terrain Knowledge
    Rocky Tracks, Gullies, Ridges
    Badly Rutted Tracks
    Mud
    Salt Pan Mud
    River Crossings
    Ice and Snow
    Sand
    Desert Sand Dunes
    4×4 Driving and Conservation
    Deserts
    Beach Driving
    Track Damage
    Bull Bars and Winching

Winter Driving

    General Principles
    Vehicle Prep and Maintenance
    Tyres
    Tyre Chains
    Fluids
    Vision
    Heater
    Miscellaneous
    Battery
    Know the Weather
    File a “Flight Plan”
    Highway Equipment
    General stuff
    Unstuck stuff
    Food and water
    Protection from the cold
    Warm clothing
    Track Equipment
    Travel with another vehicle
    All the above “highway” stuff plus heaps more
    Camping supplies
    Winch and winching supplies
    Other equipment
    First aid kit
    Stuff for basic vehicle repairs
    If worse comes to worse…
    Stay with the vehicle
    Winter Highway Driving
    Winter Track Driving Tips

Outback Driving

    General Principles
    Vehicle Prep and Maintenance
    Tyres
    Fluids
    Vision
    Air Conditioner
    Miscellaneous
    Battery
    Know the Weather
    File a “Flight Plan”
    Outback Equipment
    General stuff
    Unstuck stuff
    Food and water
    Protection from the cold
    Warm clothing
    Travel with another vehicle
    Camping supplies
    Winch and winching supplies
    Other equipment
    First aid kit
    Stuff for basic vehicle repairs
    If worse comes to worse…
    Stay with the vehicle

Convoy Procedure

    Stay Close
    Wait at intersections
    Steep Hills